高级检索

基于AIS和声学建模的海洋环境噪声地理图谱生成方法

A Method for Generating Marine Environmental Noise Geographic Maps Based on AIS and Acoustic Modeling

  • 摘要: 针对海上实际噪声多目标混合、环境噪声难以直观量化显示的问题,提出了一种融合船舶辐射噪声建模与动态船舶自动识别系统(AIS)数据的海洋环境噪声地理图谱生成方法,旨在将离散的船舶活动数据转化为连续的区域噪声分布可视化产品。该方法首先建立参数化、可分类调校的船舶辐射噪声模型,对AIS数据中的每一运动目标进行个体化噪声仿真;继而通过AIS数据预处理与空间网格化、基于动态AIS的多目标辐射噪声能量聚合、声场空间插值与地理信息渲染等步骤,生成区域背景噪声地理图谱。选取船舶密度低、适中、高3个典型海域的实测AIS数据进行分析验证,结果表明:低密度场景下,噪声图谱呈现安静背景上点缀个别高声源足迹的特征;适中密度下出现明显的航迹效应和区域差异;高密度下背景噪声呈高强度、高持续性的饱和弥漫分布,安静区域稀缺。该方法实现了噪声分布从抽象数据到直观图像的转化,生成的图谱空间层次清晰、地理参照明确,可为海洋空间规划、航运噪声评估及水下声学生态监测提供直观的分析工具与可视化支撑。

     

    Abstract: To address the issues of mixed multi-target noise and the difficulty in intuitively quantifying and visualizing environmental noise at sea, this paper proposes a method for generating marine environmental noise geographic maps by integrating ship-radiated noise modeling with dynamic AIS data, aiming to transform discrete ship activity data into continuous regional noise distribution visualization products. Firstly, a parameterized, class-adjustable ship-radiated noise model is established to simulate individual noise signatures for each moving target in the AIS data. Subsequently, regional background noise geographic maps are generated through steps including AIS data preprocessing and spatial grid division, dynamic AIS-based multi-target noise energy aggregation, acoustic field spatial interpolation, and geographic information rendering. Measured AIS data from three typical sea areas with low, medium, and high vessel densities are selected for analysis and validation. The results demonstrate that in low-density scenarios, the noise map is characterized by isolated high-source-level vessel footprints against a quiet background; in medium-density scenarios, distinct track effects and regional differences emerge; and in high-density scenarios, the background noise exhibits a saturated and pervasive distribution of high intensity and long duration, with quiet areas becoming scarce. The proposed method realizes the transformation of noise distribution from abstract data to intuitive imagery, producing maps with clear spatial hierarchy and explicit geographic reference, thereby providing intuitive analytical tools and visualization support for marine spatial planning, shipping noise assessment, and underwater acoustic ecological monitoring.

     

/

返回文章
返回