A Method for Generating Marine Environmental Noise Geographic Maps Based on AIS and Acoustic Modeling

To address the issues of mixed multi-target noise and the difficulty in intuitively quantifying and visualizing environmental noise at sea, this paper proposes a method for generating marine environmental noise geographic maps by integrating ship-radiated noise modeling with dynamic AIS data, aiming to transform discrete ship activity data into continuous regional noise distribution visualization products. Firstly, a parameterized, class-adjustable ship-radiated noise model is established to simulate individual noise signatures for each moving target in the AIS data. Subsequently, regional background noise geographic maps are generated through steps including AIS data preprocessing and spatial grid division, dynamic AIS-based multi-target noise energy aggregation, acoustic field spatial interpolation, and geographic information rendering. Measured AIS data from three typical sea areas with low, medium, and high vessel densities are selected for analysis and validation. The results demonstrate that in low-density scenarios, the noise map is characterized by isolated high-source-level vessel footprints against a quiet background; in medium-density scenarios, distinct track effects and regional differences emerge; and in high-density scenarios, the background noise exhibits a saturated and pervasive distribution of high intensity and long duration, with quiet areas becoming scarce. The proposed method realizes the transformation of noise distribution from abstract data to intuitive imagery, producing maps with clear spatial hierarchy and explicit geographic reference, thereby providing intuitive analytical tools and visualization support for marine spatial planning, shipping noise assessment, and underwater acoustic ecological monitoring.